{"id":26523,"date":"2026-04-14T12:25:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T10:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/?p=26523"},"modified":"2026-04-15T11:17:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T09:17:25","slug":"un-long-combat-pour-le-1er-mai-20260415-0906-025978","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/2026\/04\/14\/un-long-combat-pour-le-1er-mai-20260415-0906-025978\/","title":{"rendered":"Un long combat pour le 1er mai"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"paragraph\">\n<p><b>1er mai 1886 : Gen\u00e8se de la journ\u00e9e<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, les travailleurs s\u2019organisent pour obtenir la limitation des journ\u00e9es de travail \u00e0 8 heures. La date du 1er mai est choisie car c\u2019est la date de fin de la plupart des contrats. \u00c0 Chicago, 400 000 travailleurs prennent part \u00e0 la mobilisation. Apr\u00e8s quatre jours de gr\u00e8ve, des militants lancent une bombe sur les policiers qui ripostent en tuant une dizaine de gr\u00e9vistes. L\u2019\u00e9pisode a marqu\u00e9 la m\u00e9moire des luttes sociales.<\/p>\n<p><b>20 juillet 1889 : Internationalisation<\/b><\/p>\n<p>La IIe internationale vote pour l\u2019instauration du 1er-Mai comme journ\u00e9e de lutte pour la r\u00e9duction de la journ\u00e9e de travail \u00e0 huit heures. L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, elle est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e dans de nombreux pays.<\/p>\n<p><b>1er mai : Massacre de Fourmies<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Neuf personnes sont tu\u00e9es \u00e0 Fourmies dans le nord de la France, lors d\u2019une gr\u00e8ve.<\/p>\n<p>En hommage, les ouvriers vont commencer \u00e0 porter une \u00e9glantine lors du 1er-Mai.<\/p>\n<p><b>23 avril 1919 : Institutionnalisation<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Le S\u00e9nat fran\u00e7ais vote la journ\u00e9e de huit heures et fait du 1er-Mai une journ\u00e9e ch\u00f4m\u00e9e, mais non pay\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><b>24 avril 1941 : F\u00eate du travail<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Le mar\u00e9chal P\u00e9tain change le nom du 1er-Mai en F\u00eate du travail et de la concorde sociale, pour s\u2019\u00e9loigner de la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la lutte des classes. Les symboles r\u00e9volutionnaires sont gomm\u00e9s, comme l\u2019\u00e9glantine remplac\u00e9e par le muguet.<\/p>\n<p><b>29 avril 1948 : Jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Supprim\u00e9e \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration, la journ\u00e9e du 1er-Mai est r\u00e9institu\u00e9e sous l\u2019impulsion du d\u00e9put\u00e9 socialiste Daniel Mayer.<\/p>\n<p>Il devient jour ch\u00f4m\u00e9 et pay\u00e9 dans le Code du travail fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1er mai 1886 : Gen&egrave;se de la journ&eacute;eAux &Eacute;tats-Unis, les travailleurs s&rsquo;organisent pour obtenir la limitation des journ&eacute;es de travail &agrave; 8 heures. La date du 1er mai est choisie car c&rsquo;est la date de fin de &#8230;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[4595,1722,572,280,962,910],"news-destination":[],"news-source":[475],"is_homepage":[],"ta_other":[],"class_list":["post-26523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe","tag-1er-mai","tag-droits","tag-france","tag-histoire","tag-salaries","tag-travailleurs","news-source-website"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26523"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26524,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26523\/revisions\/26524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26523"},{"taxonomy":"news-destination","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-destination?post=26523"},{"taxonomy":"news-source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-source?post=26523"},{"taxonomy":"is_homepage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/is_homepage?post=26523"},{"taxonomy":"ta_other","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ta_other?post=26523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}