{"id":14639,"date":"2025-12-23T08:29:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T06:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/?p=14639"},"modified":"2025-12-23T10:20:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T08:20:20","slug":"un-brin-dhistoire-de-noel-le-pere-noel-lheritier-dun-rite-ancien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/2025\/12\/23\/un-brin-dhistoire-de-noel-le-pere-noel-lheritier-dun-rite-ancien\/","title":{"rendered":"[Un brin d\u2019histoire de No\u00ebl] Le p\u00e8re No\u00ebl, l\u2019h\u00e9ritier d\u2019un rite ancien"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"paragraph\">\n<p>Le basculement d\u2019une c\u00e9l\u00e9bration d\u2019essence chr\u00e9tienne vers une f\u00eate s\u00e9culi\u00e8re et commerciale s\u2019op\u00e8re avec la fabrication du p\u00e8re No\u00ebl, ic\u00f4ne d\u00e9riv\u00e9e de Saint-Nicolas de Myre au IV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle encore f\u00eat\u00e9 le 6 d\u00e9cembre dans l\u2019est et le nord de la France.<\/p>\n<p>Toute l\u2019iconographie du p\u00e8re No\u00ebl qui se d\u00e9veloppe dans les ann\u00e9es 30 avec sa barbe blanche, son uniforme rouge, son tra\u00eeneau tir\u00e9 par des rennes, proc\u00e8de de la la\u00efcisation du Saint-Nicolas import\u00e9 en Am\u00e9rique par les colons n\u00e9erlandais de la Nouvelle-Amsterdam qui en font leur Santa Claus. On consid\u00e8re la campagne publicitaire de Coca-Cola en 1931 comme fixant le standard du p\u00e8re No\u00ebl actuel. L\u2019essor continue du personnage est \u00ab\u00a0<i>d\u2019abord li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration progressive du niveau de vie<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb selon l\u2019anthropologue Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss qui voit dans ce bonhomme \u00ab\u00a0<i>un h\u00e9ritier du roi des Saturnales de l\u2019\u00e9poque romaine<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i><i>\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Le plan Marshall de 1948 qui d\u00e9verse ses aides, v\u00e9hicule avec lui ce personnage g\u00e9n\u00e9reux, jovial et dodu qui descend le soir de No\u00ebl par les chemin\u00e9es pour d\u00e9poser ses cadeaux. Un \u00e9v\u00e9nement singulier survient le 23 d\u00e9cembre 1951 \u00e0 Dijon rapport\u00e9 par <i>France Soir<\/i>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<i>Le p\u00e8re No\u00ebl a \u00e9t\u00e9 pendu hier apr\u00e8s-midi aux grilles de la cath\u00e9drale de Dijon et br\u00fbl\u00e9 publiquement sur le parvis. Cette ex\u00e9cution spectaculaire s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e en pr\u00e9sence de plusieurs centaines d\u2019enfants des patronages. Elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9e avec l\u2019accord du clerg\u00e9 qui avait condamn\u00e9 le p\u00e8re No\u00ebl comme usurpateur et h\u00e9r\u00e9tique.<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss s\u2019empare de cet autodaf\u00e9 des cur\u00e9s qui d\u00e9noncent la \u00ab\u00a0paganisation\u00a0\u00bb de la f\u00eate de la Nativit\u00e9. Son essai \u00ab\u00a0Le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl supplici\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb investigue ce personnage qui \u00ab\u00a0<i>rel\u00e8ve plut\u00f4t de la famille des divinit\u00e9s (&#8230;) sauf que les adulte<\/i><i>s ne croient pas en lui<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb. Sa fonction se rattache aux rites de passage et d\u2019initiation de l\u2019enfance au monde des adultes et traduit \u00ab\u00a0<i>une opposition plus profonde entre morts et vivants<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb. En voulant mettre fin au p\u00e8re No\u00ebl, les eccl\u00e9siastiques dijonnais n\u2019ont fait que \u00ab\u00a0<i>restaurer une figure rituelle<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Le basculement d&rsquo;une c&eacute;l&eacute;bration d&rsquo;essence chr&eacute;tienne vers une f&ecirc;te s&eacute;culi&egrave;re et commerciale s&rsquo;op&egrave;re avec la fabrication du p&egrave;re No&euml;l, ic&ocirc;ne d&eacute;riv&eacute;e de &#8230;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[4270,1651,10,2743,4268,1852,16,830,2745,4269],"news-destination":[],"news-source":[475],"is_homepage":[],"ta_other":[],"class_list":["post-14639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe","tag-amerique","tag-anthropologue","tag-bouches-du-rhone","tag-cadeaux","tag-coca-cola","tag-fabrication","tag-marseille","tag-opposition","tag-pere-noel","tag-uniforme","news-source-website"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14639"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14641,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14639\/revisions\/14641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14639"},{"taxonomy":"news-destination","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-destination?post=14639"},{"taxonomy":"news-source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-source?post=14639"},{"taxonomy":"is_homepage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/is_homepage?post=14639"},{"taxonomy":"ta_other","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ta_other?post=14639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}