{"id":10365,"date":"2025-11-09T10:18:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T08:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/?p=10365"},"modified":"2025-11-14T23:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T21:11:34","slug":"science-outils-et-chewing-gum-ce-quune-colle-raconte-de-nos-ancetres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/2025\/11\/09\/science-outils-et-chewing-gum-ce-quune-colle-raconte-de-nos-ancetres\/","title":{"rendered":"[Science] Outils et chewing-gum : ce qu\u2019une colle raconte de nos anc\u00eatres"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"paragraph\">\n<p>L\u2019originalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tude vient de la combinaison de deux analyses\u00a0: celle de la composition chimique des r\u00e9sidus organiques et celle de l\u2019ADN. \u00ab\u00a0<i>Les deux \u00e9taient d\u2019ordinaire men\u00e9es s\u00e9par\u00e9ment<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb, souligne Martine Regert. \u00ab\u00a0<i>Elles sont compl\u00e9mentaires<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute Tabea Koch, ancienne doctorante au Cepam et co-autrice principale de l\u2019\u00e9tude. Car l\u2019ADN est parfois d\u00e9truit et nombre de plantes identifi\u00e9es ici n\u2019auraient pas pu l\u2019\u00eatre avec des marqueurs chimiques uniquement. \u00ab\u00a0<i>Combiner les deux aide \u00e0 comprendre l\u2019histoire de ces objets, de leur fabrication \u00e0 leur utilisation<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute la chercheuse, aujourd\u2019hui au British Museum de Londres.<\/p>\n<p><b>Hygi\u00e8ne dentaire<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Les analyses montrent que le brai de bouleau a servi \u00e0 r\u00e9parer des c\u00e9ramiques et \u00e0 fixer des pierres taill\u00e9es sur des supports en bois pour fabriquer des outils ou des projectiles. De mani\u00e8re int\u00e9ressante, les \u00e9chantillons les moins chauff\u00e9s livrent de l\u2019ADN humain buccal\u00a0: ils auraient donc \u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e2ch\u00e9s. Pourquoi\u00a0? \u00ab\u00a0<i>Nous l\u2019ignorons<\/i>, admet Martine Regert. <i>Peut-\u00eatre pour soulager des douleurs ou am\u00e9liorer l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne dentaire.<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb Mais probablement pas pour le rendre plus adh\u00e9sif, si l\u2019on en croit Tabea Koch\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<i>Nous avons test\u00e9<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i><i>: le m\u00e2cher le rend moins collant.<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Mais cet ADN a permis de distinguer le sexe biologique des individus qui ont m\u00e2ch\u00e9 ces \u00ab\u00a0<i>chewing-gums<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb. \u00ab\u00a0<i>Cela pourrait nous permettre d\u2019avoir une vision genr\u00e9e de certaines activit\u00e9s<\/i>, souligne Martine Regert. <i>Nous avons trop peu d\u2019\u00e9chantillons pour conclure aujourd\u2019hui. Mais cela ouvre des perspectives.<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, de l\u2019ADN animal et v\u00e9g\u00e9tal donne une id\u00e9e de ce que mangeaient ces populations\u00a0: noisettes, pavot, poisson, sanglier&#8230; \u00ab\u00a0<i>Cela compl\u00e8te ce que racontent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus abondants comme les contenus des c\u00e9ramiques, les ossements, les graines des plantes ou les grains de pollen<\/i>, pr\u00e9cise la chercheuse pour qui la suite consiste \u00e0 poursuivre ce type d\u2019\u00e9tude sur plus d\u2019\u00e9chantillons. <i>Nos partenaires danois ont obtenu un financement europ\u00e9en pour le faire.<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chauffer de l&rsquo;&eacute;corce de bouleau &agrave; environ 400&deg;C produit une p&acirc;te sombre : le brai de bouleau, un adh&eacute;sif r&eacute;pandu durant la Pr&eacute;histoire. &laquo; Nous en retrouvons &eacute;norm&eacute;ment &agrave; &#8230;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10366,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1793,988,2001],"news-destination":[],"news-source":[475],"is_homepage":[],"ta_other":[],"class_list":["post-10365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe","tag-archeologie","tag-week-end","tag-weekend","news-source-website"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10365"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10392,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10365\/revisions\/10392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10365"},{"taxonomy":"news-destination","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-destination?post=10365"},{"taxonomy":"news-source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-source?post=10365"},{"taxonomy":"is_homepage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/is_homepage?post=10365"},{"taxonomy":"ta_other","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euapp01.newsmemory.com\/lamarseillaise\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ta_other?post=10365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}